Pojasnila v zvezi z impulsnim (novim) sistemom za otto motorje so zašle v napačno smer. Tu ne gre za turbinske motorje, ampak za nov način polnjenja motorjev s toplejšim zrakom in hlajenjem motorjev z nižjo delovno temperaturo hladilne tekočine. Gre na nek način za obraten sistem od konvencionalnega pri katerem se polnjenje cilindrov izvaja s hladnim zrakom, hlajenje motorja pa s toplejšo vodo. Nov sistem naj bi v kombinaciji s povečanjem moči iskre za vžig zagotavljal več navora in več moči.
Hot Air Induction and Cold WaterNEW induction and cooling system uses hot air and cold water
Hot air induction is used to increase the speed and pressure of combustion and when used in conjunction with cold water it maintains the optimum combustion temperature needed to maximise power with the larger volume of hot air forced into the engine by the Negative Supercharging process.
Hot air induction with cold water produces more power
If hot air induction is used with hot water, the combustion temperature becomes too hot which reduces the speed and pressure of combustion which reduces power. For this reason a cold water temperature between 45-50°C (113-122°F) must be used to keep the combustion temperature at the optimum level with the larger volume of hot air forced into the engine by the Negative Supercharging process. This allows hot air induction to increase the speed and pressure of combustion to produce more torque and horsepower. However, the much faster burn produced by hot air induction requires using the Negative Supercharging ignition timing which uses a unique advance curve with less total advance to prevent pre-ignition (pinging).
For example,
If the air induction temperature
* FALLS below 40°C (104°F), Negative Supercharging will produce less power the colder the air, even if the water temperature is increased to above 82°C (180°F)
* INCREASES from 40°C to 121°C (104°F to 250°F), Negative Supercharging will produce more power the hotter the air, but the water temperature must NOT exceed 50°C (122°F) to maintain the optimum combustion speed and temperature with hot air induction
If the water temperature
* EXCEEDS 50°C (122°F) with hot air induction, Negative Supercharging will produce less power the hotter the water
* FALLS below 40°C (104°F) with hot air induction, Negative Supercharging will produce less power the colder the water
Hot gas explodes with much greater force than cold gas
Hot gas explodes more violently, produces more combustion pressure and reaches its maximum pressure much faster than cold gas.
For example,
2 equal size gas cylinders filled with the same volume of gas are placed in an open field. The temperature of one gas cylinder is chilled to a cold 10°C (50°F) while the other gas cylinder is heated to a hot 121°C (250°F) or to just before it explodes. A spark is used to ignite the hot and cold gas cylinders and both explode with a tremendous force but the hot gas cylinder leaves a larger crater. The reason for this is, the less dense hot gas reaches its maximum pressure much faster than the more dense cold gas which causes the hot gas to explode with a much greater force.
Therefore, the engine is able to produce more power with hot air induction because the increase in power produced by the higher combustion pressure and faster burn of hot gas is much greater than the loss produced by less dense hot air.
Cold air induction with hot water is less efficientDuring cold weather, cold air induction and hot water produce the optimum combustion temperature and maximise power. However, as the air induction temperature increases during hot weather so does the combustion temperature. This causes combustion to exceed its optimum temperature with hot water which reduces the speed and pressure of combustion which reduces power. Also, the slow burn produced by cold air induction transfers more heat into an already very hot cooling system which allows the engine to easily overheat during hot weather and produce pre-ignition (pinging).
Therefore, combining the fast burn of hot air induction with cold water and special ignition timing, the engine produces more power, runs cooler and during hot weather it eliminates the overheating problems caused by cold air induction and hot water.